Helsinki 2004

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SUMMARY ARTICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The Purpose of This Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 From Generalized Accounts of Science and the University to the Study of Local Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Radical Transformation of Science and University . . . . . . . . . 18 Moderate Transformation of Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Reflections on the Transformation Theories . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Research Questions Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Research Data and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 The Applied Plant Biotechnology Research Group as an Object of Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Types of Data and Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Data Analysis and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Validity of Research Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Summary of Empirical Findings Achieved in Articles I-IV . . . 48 The Intertwining of Theoretical, Experimental and Applied Concerns in Research Work (Articles I and IV) . . . . . . . 49 The Organizational Ecology of Disciplines in a University Department (Article II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Dissolution of the Research Group-Firm Hybrid Entity (Article III) . . 55 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64